The unanimous vote advances the legislation to the Senate, but its prospects are muddled by objections from the Bush administration and some lawmakers.
The bill would require the U.S. Mint to switch from a zinc and copper penny, which costs 1.26 cents each to make, to a copper-plated steel penny, which would cost 0.7 cents to make, according to statistics from the Mint and Rep. Zack Space, D-Ohio, one of the measure's sponsors.
It also would require nickels, now made of copper and nickel and costing 7.7 cents to make, to be made primarily of steel, which would drop the cost to make the five-cent coin below its face value.
Advocates say that such actions would push back against surging metal prices and save taxpayers about $1 billion over a decade.
But even the Mint opposes the House-passed measure.
Mint Director Ed Moy said that the 270 days the legislation grants to convert the nation to a steel penny is too short for the metal industry to weigh in and could incur additional costs. In addition, steel may be vulnerable to surging costs, just as the metals used now.
The legislation directs the Treasury secretary to ''prescribe'' -- suggest -- a new, more economical composition of the nickel and the penny. Unsaid is the Constitution's requirement that Congress have the final say.
The administration, like others before, chafes at the thought that Congress still clings to that authority.
Mint Director Edmund Moy said this week that the bill as ''too prescriptive,'' in part because it does not explicitly delegate to the Treasury secretary the power to decide the new coin composition.
The bill also gives the public and the metal industry too little time to weigh in on the new coin composition, he said.
Sen. Wayne Allard, R-Colo., is expected to introduce another version in the Senate.
In 2007, the Mint produced 7.4 billion pennies and 1.2 billion nickels, according to the House Financial Services Committee.
Other coins still cost less than their face value, according to the Mint. The dime costs a little over 4 cents to make, while the quarter costs almost 10 cents. The dollar coin costs about 16 cents to make, according to the Mint.
