The disaster preparation plan at the Ralph Brennan Restaurant Group was two pages long in 2005, before Hurricane Katrina struck, and dealt mostly with how to use sandbags and plywood to protect a building. Now, the New Orleans restaurant operator has a 68-page book that includes communications and technology plans.
Many small businesses have spent the past two years trying to make themselves less vulnerable to hurricanes and other disasters. Given the lessons of Katrina and also Hurricanes Rita and Wilma the same year, many companies understand that planning needs to be more complex than once thought.
Charlee Williamson, the executive vice president of Ralph Brennan, recalled about the pre-Katrina disaster plan, "the first line of it said, 'There is a box of supplies in the closet.' The plan was essentially a plan to protect the physical plant of restaurants."
A WEAK STRATEGY
It included sandbagging and boarding up the windows of the three restaurants and for managers to take CDs with backed-up data home with them. "There was nothing in this two-page document that contemplated the tragedy of Katrina, " Williamson said.
Two years later, the company's plan is considerably more comprehensive.
"First and foremost, there is an elaborate implementation schedule, " Williamson said. "We count the days until a storm is projected to make landfall -- when it's seven days out, we're watching that storm and we're starting to mobilize and get things ready."
With each day, there are steps to be taken. For example, if a projected landfall is four days away, "we start running down our inventory. We don't make any menu changes, " Williamson said.
Like other New Orleans residents and businesses, Williamson's company discovered that telecommunications systems in the 504 area code were so overloaded that communication was impossible during and after Katrina. Now, 10 of Ralph Brennan's top employees have cellphones from Idaho's 208 area code. The company has also set up an online message board so employees can communicate, and there is a more comprehensive list of telephone contacts for everyone available online. The company's sensitive data, including documents like insurance policies, have been electronically scanned and are now also accessible online.
DON'T BE NEGLIGENT
Although many small business owners have realized the need for disaster planning, there are still many others who don't, or who haven't gotten around to putting a plan together. Companies in areas vulnerable to hurricanes and tornadoes are often the ones who sense the greatest exigency about disaster planning, but all small businesses need to be prepared -- fires, vandalism and power outages are other events that can shut a business down and even threaten its existence.
Small businesses just embarking on creating or improving disaster preparedness plans can find information on the Internet to help them determine what they need in a plan. A federal government website, Ready Business, can be found at www.ready.gov/business, and the U.S. Small Business Administration has its own site, www.sba.gov/beaware andprepare/business.html.
The Institute for Business & Home Safety website includes a section called Open for Business that includes the kind of things a small business should consider in preparing for a disaster. It can be found at www.ibhs.org/business_ protection.
Thorp & Co., a Miami-based public relations firm, also had what now seems like a bare-bones disaster plan.
"We used to have a plan that mostly consisted of, 'Here's the call tree. Call the person above you and let them know you're OK or if you need help, " founder Patricia Thorp said. But after Hurricane Wilma struck two years ago, "we've gone up a whole level in magnitude."
Thorp said that after the storm, she put a generator into the cottage behind her home and bought phones that don't need electricity to work -- equipment she found to be critical because cellphones weren't working after Wilma. She has also signed up with an online service that allows subscribers to access their PCs remotely, and all of the company's data, including client lists and contact numbers, is backed up with a company in Chicago.
Thorp has also been giving disaster prep items as holiday gifts to her staff: TVs that use batteries or can be charged in a car, heavy-duty lanterns and refrigerators that can plug into a car's electrical system.
"We've done a lot of work the last two years, " she said. "We all take it much more seriously than we used to -- we never had a hurricane before where you could just throw your cellphone away because it was unusable."
CONTINGENCIES
Fowler White Boggs Banker, a law firm with eight locations in Florida, from Fort Lauderdale to Tallahassee and Jacksonville, has plans to deal with different levels of contingencies. Chief information officer Danny Rhinehart said its first step was to reduce some of the biggest risks posed by a disaster -- for example, centralizing all the firm's data in a commercial data center, and to be sure that none of the eight offices is dependent on the systems of any other offices.
The firm also has installed technology to improve communications before, during and after a crisis, and has formulated plans to deal with any of its offices being unusable for weeks or longer, Rhinehart said.
Rhea Law, the president of the firm, said Fowler White "had been upgrading our disaster plan starting about four years ago, and we had some circumstances that really revealed our various weaknesses."
The hurricanes of 2005 "certainly made us look at our plan again." she said.
