Central Florida (July 2012)

•  Summary of violations: Lack of institutional control, impermissible recruiting and extra benefits (involvement of third parties with prospects and student-athletes, that included more than $16,000 for travel expenses, cash payments, tuition and a computer for three prospects and two UCF athletes). Unethical conduct by athletic director (including lying during interviews with NCAA, per NCAA) and assistant football coach (lying to NCAA, per NCAA).

•  Summary of NCAA penalties: Five years of probation through February 2017. Postseason bans for 2012 football season and 2012-2013 men’s basketball season. Three-year show-cause order for men’s basketball coach. Limited off-campus recruiting for men’s basketball. Three-year show-cause order for athletic director. One-year show-cause order for assistant football coach. Reduction of five total and five initial football scholarships for three academic years. A limit of 11 men’s basketball scholarships (from 13 maximum) for three academic years. $50,000 fine. Vacation of all men’s basketball wins in which an ineligible student-athlete competed for the previous three seasons. Reduction in recruiters for football and basketball for two academic years. Several other recruiting restrictions.

Penn State (July 2012)

•  Summary of violations: Child sex-abuse scandal involving former defensive coordinator Jerry Sandusky, who was sentenced to 30-to-60 years in prison and found guilty of 45 counts of child sexual abuse in molesting 10 boys over a 15-year period.

•  Summary of NCAA penalties: $60 million fine. Five-year probation. Four-year postseason ban. Can only give out 15 scholarships per year (usual amount is 25) over the next four years. Total scholarships limited to 65 per year over that span (usual amount is 85). Vacating all wins from 1998 to 2011 (career record of Joe Paterno will reflect vacated records).

South Carolina (April 2012)

•  Summary of violations: Impermissible recruiting (more than $8,000 cash, gift cards, entertainment), extra benefits and preferential treatment (athletes lived in local hotel for $15 a day; some were given loans for the fees) — primarily football related.

•  Summary of NCAA penalties: Three-years probation through April 26, 2015. Reduction of total football scholarships by three (from 85 maximum) during 2013-14 and 2014-15 academic years. Reduction of initial football scholarships by three (from 25 maximum) during those two academic years (self-imposed). $18,500 fine (self-imposed). Recruiting visits reduced in football and men’s and women’s track and field. One football assistant and one men’s basketball assistant withheld from off-campus recruiting and/or overall recruiting for a month each (self-imposed).

North Carolina (March 2012)

•  Summary of violations: Academic fraud, impermissible agent benefits, ineligible participation and a failure to monitor football program. Over three seasons, six football players competed while ineligible as a result of violations, and multiple student-athletes received benefits of more than $31,000. An assistant football coach was paid by a sports agent for access he provided to athletes. A tutor “constructed significant parts of writing assignments’’ for three football players — and provided more than $4,000 in benefits, including airfare and paying for parking tickets, to 11 football players. An assistant football coach lied, according to the NCAA, to NCAA investigators, among other infractions related to collecting money from outside income related to a sports agency. Also, a former student-athlete was deemed an agent runner during the NCAA investigation.