TALLAHASSEE -- A massive expansion of private prisons in Florida collapsed in the Senate Tuesday as nine Republicans joined a dozen Democrats in handing a setback to Senate leaders and a victory to state workers.

As a result, the state will not undertake what would have been the single greatest expansion of prison privatization in U.S. history, affecting 27 prisons and work camps in 18 counties and displacing more than 3,500 correctional officers.

Senate leaders immediately said they would have to cut education and healthcare programs by $16.5 million, the amount privatization would have saved in the first year.

The 21-19 Senate vote reinforced the chamber’s long-standing reputation for independence, as it has shown over the years on many issues, from abortion rights to immigration to the Terri Schiavo case.

Tuesday’s vote was a triumph for a rebellious group of Republicans who rejected supporters’ arguments that for-profit prisons would save tax dollars and increase efficiency. All 12 Democrats also voted no, putting the minority party in the unaccustomed role of being on the winning side.

Leading the opposition was a trio of Tampa Bay senators: Paula Dockery of Lakeland, Mike Fasano of New Port Richey and Jack Latvala of Clearwater. Six others also defected from the GOP leadership to sink privatization for the second straight year. A similar plan, written into the budget in the 2011 session, was declared unconstitutional by a state judge; the state is appealing that ruling.

Senators debated privatization for nearly three hours, and opponents’ floor speeches often showed more passion. Rather than talk about numbers, they talked about people, such as the treatment of correctional officers, whose starting salary is $34,000 a year and who have not received an across-the-board pay raise for the past six years.

“What’s wrong with state employees?” said Sen. Dennis Jones, R-Seminole. “We should be taking care of them, rather than kicking them under the bus.”

Prison guards displaced by privatization could have “bumped” less experienced officers from their jobs upstate. But, Jones said, with the current housing crisis, many are trapped in their homes and couldn’t sell them if they wanted.

Across the Capitol in the House, one key leader said the vote ends discussion of privatization for the year. “I guess that’s one less thing that we will be dealing with this session,” said Rep. Will Weatherford, R-Wesley Chapel, who’s in line to be House speaker next fall.

The Senate’s leading privatization supporter, Sen. JD Alexander, R-Lake Wales, described his work as budget chairman and the frustration of dealing with a hidebound Department of Corrections that is unwillingness to modernize.

Alexander said the agency, for instance, has dragged its feet in switching from paper time cards to an electronic time clocks for employees.

“We have consistently over my 14 years failed to make systemic change in the basic operating structure of prisons,” Alexander said.

Opposition from two GOP senators proved to be pivotal: Charlie Dean of Inverness and Steve Oelrich of Alachua, both conservative former sheriffs who ran county jails in their counties. Both men resisted personal lobbying by Gov. Rick Scott, and said it was wrong to privatize public safety in an entire region of the state.