It had taken some years for Nicole McLean to embrace her God-given breasts, ample at size H cups. So when, at 39, she was diagnosed with stage 3 breast cancer and told, despite her adamant protests, that mastectomy was the best option, McLean never hesitated to pursue reconstruction.

For Barbara Kriss, a second breast cancer diagnosis three years after her first left her eager to do anything to prevent a third. So, at 57, she had both breasts removed — and rather than put her body through any more surgery, she let her chest remain flat.

Deciding what to do about breasts post-mastectomy — implants or natural tissue reconstruction, breast forms or nothing at all — is among the most personal and emotional choices women make in the breast cancer battle.

Some doctors and advocates worry women don’t know all of their options.

A survey last year by the nonprofit Cancer Support Community found that 40 percent of women didn’t receive full information about reconstruction at the time of their breast cancer diagnosis.

“Losing a breast is like an amputation; women need to know that reconstruction is available for everyone,” said Dr. Christopher Trahan, plastic surgeon at the Center for Restorative Breast Surgery in New Orleans. His practice sees many women who were inaccurately told they’re not candidates for reconstruction.

Kriss, by contrast, feels that doctors push reconstruction for women to “feel whole” and don’t acknowledge that breasts aren’t so important to everyone. Kriss, of Miami, was eager to get back to her active lifestyle without further complications, so she asked her mastectomy surgeon to leave her breast-free chest as aesthetically pleasing as possible.

“I didn’t find it very upsetting,” Kriss said of seeing her symmetrical incisions post-mastectomy. Kriss, now 62, wears breast forms under her clothes and runs the nonprofit site breastfree.org to offer advice and prosthesis resources for women who choose not to reconstruct or want more time to think about it.

Federal law requires group health plans that cover mastectomy to also cover the cost of reconstruction, including surgery to balance an old breast with the new, as well as external breast prostheses. Deductibles and co-payments must be the same as those for other conditions covered by the plan.

Women choosing reconstruction have many options, though they may have to shop around to find doctors with expertise in more innovative procedures.

In addition to silicone implants, which are the most common reconstruction choice, doctors can create new breasts using living tissue from the abdominal region (called TRAM flaps) or upper back (called latissimus dorsi flaps), giving the new breast a live blood supply and much more natural look and feel than implants, Trahan said.

While natural tissue reconstruction is more invasive and entails longer recovery than implants on the front end, implants often require more surgery down the road: Half of women who get silicone gel implants for reconstruction have to get them removed 10 years later, according to the FDA, which also advises those with silicone implants to check for subtle tears every two years with an MRI. Implants also run the risk of capsular contracture, wherein the connective tissue overscars and can cause hardness and pain, and they are not advisable for women who must undergo radiation.